User interfaces are composed of one or more layers, including a human–machine interface ( HMI) that interfaces machines with physical input hardware such as keyboards, mice, or game pads, and output hardware such as computer monitors, speakers, and printers. This generally means that the operator needs to provide minimal input to achieve the desired output, and also that the machine minimizes undesired outputs to the user.
Generally, the goal of user interface design is to produce a user interface which makes it easy, efficient, and enjoyable (user-friendly) to operate a machine in the way which produces the desired result (i.e. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to, or involve such disciplines as, ergonomics and psychology. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, while the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. In the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, a user interface ( UI) is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The Reactable, an example of a tangible user interface
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